Serial Killers Modus Operandi, Signature, Staging - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1335 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Serial Killer Essay Did you like this example? Modus operandi, signatures, and staging have been used by serial killers since the beginning. Crime profilers will use these to help determine who the unsub of the crime is and to get to know their style of killings. These also play a part in figuring out if the unsub is an organized or disorganized killer. The first thing that needs to be understood is the modus operandi, or method of operation, is defined as the offenders actions while committing the crime (Douglas and Munn 1992). The modus operandi is a learned behavior and can always evolve in order to accommodate the circumstances in which the crime is being committed (Bonn 2015). This includes everything from luring, capturing, and killing their victim. A method that worked with one victim, may not work with the next, so the offender must take what they learned from that crime and make any changes that are necessary. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Serial Killers: Modus Operandi, Signature, Staging" essay for you Create order A few examples of some serial killers method of operation are Charles Cullen, John Gacy, and H.H. Holmes. Charles Cullen was a nurse who murdered/attempted to murder around 29-45 people by poisoning them with prescription drugs when the victims did not need them (Murder Pedia). John Gacy, who was a clown performer, would seek out his victims and promise them construction work. Once he had them lured, he would take them hostage, sexually assault them, and strangle most of them with a rope. He was able to kill about 33 young men using this method of operation (Biography 2014). H.H Holmes had what he called his murder castle which he would lead his victimsmostly womanto and suffocate with lethal gases. Once they were poisoned, he would take them to his basement in order to use them for experiments and then dispose of the bodies (Maranzani 2017). Every killer has their own specific method of operation and knowing what it is can help lead investigators to discover who the killer is. Next to be discussed is signatures. Most serial killers will leave behind some sort of signature. A signature is an offenders personal mark left on a victim or crime scene that is individual to them (Bonn 2015). Signatures can also be actions that the offender does consistently after each crime committed, for example, sending letters to the police to taunt them. They will leave these after committing their crime to show a part of their personality. These signatures are usually based off of their fantasies and unlike their MO, their signature always remains constant. A signature is left behind to give the offender satisfaction with their crime, however if the offender is interrupted, distracted, gets an unexpected response from the victim, they may not leave a signature. If the offender always leaves a signature but for one the reasons stated is unable to, this can cause them unsatisfied with their crime because since their violent crimes stem from their fantasies, their signature can be the most important part to them. Although this is very disturbing, the more victims found with a particular signature, the easier it is to find the killer. While investigators of course want to find the killer as soon as possible to put an end to their crimes, but they will usually need to gather evidence from multiple victims to accomplish this (Douglas 1992). To show some examples of signatures, Charles Albright, Keith Hunter Jesperson, and Dennis Rader will be discussed. Charles Bright, called The Eyeball Killer, was a serial killer in the 1990s. He murdered 3 women by shooting them and his signature was surgically removing their eyeballs (Murder Pedia). Although he never said why he would remove their eyes, it is thought to have stemmed from learning taxidermy at a young age. He was taught how to use tools, including the use of the scalpel that is needed to used to cut away the animals eyes from its sockets (Hollandsworth 1993). Keith Hunter Jesperson, referred to as the, Happy Face Killer was a serial killer in the 1990s and had around eight confirmed victims. His signature was drawing smiley faces on his letters to the media. It all started with his first victim, Taunja Bennett. Even though he was the one who killed her, someone else came forward and falsely confessed to murdering her. This upset Jesperson greatly because he was not r eceiving the attention he had hoped he would get. In order to obtain his sought-after attention, he wrote an anonymous confession on a bathroom wall along with the signing of a smiley face. However, his confession and drawing elicited no response, so he started sending hand written letters to police departments and the media which detailed his murders. Every letter that he sent was signed with a smiley face (Murder Pedia). Dennis Rader was a serial killer from 1974-1991 and had a total of ten victims (Murder Pedia). After Dennis would commit his crimes, he would consistently send letters to the police that entailed in great detail how he killed them and would give hints as to where he hid the bodies. These letters were meant to taunt the police and would always be signed with the initials BTK, meaning bind, torture, kill, which describes his MO and the reason why he named himself the BTK killer (Douglas 1992). The initials on the letters were also arranged in sexually explicit way, the B being the womans breasts, the T the torso, and the K being legs spread apart (Ramsland 2013). Another important element when looking at a crime is examining if the serial killer staged the scene and/or posed the victim in a particular way. Staging is the deliberate alteration of the crime scene before the arrival of the scene (Douglas and Munn 1992). Staging is considered to be a part of the killers MO if the purpose of the changes to the crime scene are meant to mislead or confuse the investigators of the crime. Posing is considered to be part of the killers signature if the alterations are meant to satisfy their fantasy needs (Bonn 2015). Staging and posing is not something that occurs commonly, but it does occasionally happen. Elizabeth Short, known as Black Dalhia is a good example of staging and posing. Black Dahlia was an aspiring actress in the 1940s. She was 22 years of age when she was murdered in an extremely brutal fashion. Her murder became very attractive to the media due to the graphic nature of the crime scene. Black Dahlias body was found in an empty lot in Los Angeles. Her body had been stripped of any clothing, nude, cut in half, and posed with her arms above her head, elbows bent at a right angle, and legs spread apart. Along with these gruesome details, her body had been drained of blood and scrubbed clean (Biography 2014). The MO, signature, and staging/posing are all important aspects that define a serial killer. Knowing these details can also help figure out if a killer is organized or disorganized. Organized killers crimes are usually planned and premeditated in order to leave no evidence of the crime. They are a lot harder to find due to the fact that they cover up tracks very well and are well educated on how police investigate crimes (Bonn 2015). These types of killers are more likely be more sociable, have average intelligence, and tend to take trophies with them from the crime scene along with any weapon used to commit the crime (Douglas 1992). Disorganized killers will kill when an opportunity is presented, even at random, which can lead to them leaving behind blood, fingerprints, etc. at the scene. These killers tend to have below average intelligence, not super sociable, and will often leave their victims in open view rather than attempting to cover up their mess (Douglas 1992). Disorganized killers are more likely to be young in age, mentally ill, live by themselves, and isolate themselves from other people (Bonn 2015). Of course, disorganized and organized killers are not one size fits all, as it is possible for an offender to display a mixture of both types.

End Of Treatment Abstinence Self Efficacy - 942 Words

Annotated Bibliography Crouch, T. B., DiClemente, C. C., Pitts, S. C. (2015). End-of-treatment abstinence self-efficacy, behavioral processes of change, and posttreatment drinking outcomes in Project MATCH. Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors, 29(3), 706-715. doi:10.1037/adb0000086 In this journal article, the researchers observe the relationship between self-efficacy, behavioral process of change and alcoholism. Self-efficacy is one’s belief that they will be able to succeed in specific situations. According to the study, they found that only 14.6% of Americans with an alcohol problem have sought treatment. The article states that self-efficacy has been studied as a predictor of relapse for alcoholics. They saw a direct correlation between alcohol abstinence and high self-efficacy. There is not much information of the relation between self-efficacy and the behavior process of change. However, researchers have made hypotheses relating self-efficacy to general coping. It has been shown that successful coping leads to a higher self-efficacy as well. It is important to know that alcohol is a poor way of coping with problems. The research that was conducted was unbiased and looked at real results of how long people were able to stay away from alcohol, as well as psychological evaluations of their emotional state. Each of the participants of the study were evaluated and their self-efficacy was evaluated as either positive or negative. The goal of this research was to showShow MoreRelatedPsychological And Psychological Effects Of Drug Addiction Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesMOTIVATION FOR ABSTINENCE/RECOVERY Everybody s treatment needs are different based on their history of abuse, substance being abused, duration of abuse and much more. Depending on these factors, you may require varying combinations of services and treatment such as a combination of counseling or psychotherapy, medication, medical services and family therapy. Additionally, these needs may change as treatment and recovery progresses (www.treatment.psychologytoday.com). Treatment is just theRead MoreBenefits Of Self Efficacy High While Recovery From An Addiction1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthey have low self-efficacy. If people have low self-efficacy in their ability to stay sober it will mean that they are more susceptible to relapse. They will not have the motivation to do those things that they need to do in order to maintain their sobriety. It may only take a few bumps on the recovery path to knock them completely off course and they will use this as justification to return to alcohol or drug abuse. This is why it is important that people keep their self-efficacy high while recoveryRead MoreResearch Assignment . 15. Alyssa Swartz. May 2, 2017. Criminal3997 Words   |  16 Pageswill be creating my own drug treatment program to decrease the likelihood of relapse. Hypothesis An increase in self-efficacy will reduce relapse rates. Variables Independent variable: meditation in the treatment program will increase self-efficacy. Dependent variable: reduce relapse over 1 year. Method This treatment program is designed to strengthen the user’s self-efficacy. To do this, the user will attend group meditation classes as part of treatment. The group will consist ofRead MoreThe Opioid Crisis And Communities Nationwide3993 Words   |  16 Pageswill be creating my own drug treatment program to decrease the likelihood of relapse. Hypothesis An increase in self-efficacy will reduce relapse rate. Variables Independent variable: meditation in the treatment program will increase self-efficacy. Dependent variable: reduce relapse over 1 year. Method This treatment program is designed to strengthen the user’s self-efficacy. To do this, the user will attend group meditation classes as part of treatment. The group will consist ofRead MorePsychoactive Substances : A Psychoactive Substance Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagesexperience and how it felt. Motivation for Abstinence/Recovery Motivation Everybody s treatment needs are different based on their history of abuse, the substance abused, and the duration of abuse. Depending on these factors, you may require varying combinations of services and treatment such as a combination of counseling or psychotherapy, medication, medical services and family therapy. Additionally, these needs may change as treatment and recovery progress (www.treatment.psychologytodayRead MoreThe Various Types Of Rehabilitation2446 Words   |  10 Pageslittle rehabilitative focus -actual â€Å"correcting†- in corrections systems. Many are not getting help with their addictions like counselling or treatment for mental illness. In order reduce the number of people in correctional facilities, our community must prevent people from getting to the point of crime in the first place. There is a need for more treatment centres in Canada to promote safer living in the community. Of particular concern is the fact that we do not have a clear sense of why some interventionsRead MoreEssay on Alcoholics Anonymous: 12-Step Program2169 Words   |  9 PagesAnonymous (AA) is the largest and most commonly known self-help group in the world. Since the creation of AA in 1935, there have been many programs modeled after it, which are also based on the 12-Step Program. Some of these include Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Chemically Dependent Anonymous, as well as programs for specific drugs, such as Cocaine Anonymous (CA) and Crystal Meth Anonymous (NIDA, 2012). Attendance and participation for self-help groups are open for anyone to attend and free ofRead MoreSocial Work Observation Paper974 Words   |  4 Pagesmembers share a common understanding of struggling to remain sober. Acknowledgement and appreciation is shown when a member shares how they have applied the twelve-steps to work through problems. The final step of separation involves tying up loose ends, finalizing a solution or plan (Hepworth et al., 2017, 2013, p. 490). The group places emphasis to apply twelve-steps, reach out to sponsors, and maintain attendance. Some group members stay after the meeting, share hugs, talk with newcomers, expressRead MoreThe Is The Static Procedure Of A.a Essay2106 Words   |  9 Pageseffective, and even if they are, is there room for growth in the treatment methods of A.A.? To find these answers we must begin with the basics, taking a look into the details of A.A. There will be a review of a typical A.A. meeting discussing the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the program, addressing the length of treatment, and the typical flow of session. This analysis will also examine research findings to determine the efficacy of the A.A. Twelve-Step program. In addition, further explorationRead MoreIs Self Esteem Is The Most Consistent Predictor Of The Likelihood And Extent Of Substance Abuse1 668 Words   |  7 PagesClient Goal Research reveals that self-esteem is the most consistent predictor of the likelihood and extent of substance abuse (Uba et al., 2013). The client is a 15- year old female who was court ordered to Inspirations for Youth and Families treatment center. Client was arrested for shop lifting but was also charged with the possession of Heroin. For the past couple weeks, the client presented with low self-esteem of self that may have played a role in her poor choice in substance abuse. On top

Governance Failure at Satyam Free Essays

Analyzing the first aspect listed above, seems that Astray scandal originated, in first lace, due to a lack of moral and ethical standards from the company top management, as well as the board of directors, which have worsened, rather than mitigate, agency conflicts between shareholders and managers. Many were the evidences In this sense, from the bribery charges, that led to a ban from the World Bank, to the unsuccessful attempt to acquire a construction and a real state firms owned by the company promoters’ relatives, in a clear sign of conflict of interests, that was originally approved by the board. In fact, if was not for the whistler’s, no en knows how far they would go with the sham. We will write a custom essay sample on Governance Failure at Satyam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Someone could argue that an exacerbated focus on short-term performance, the competitive market environment, and consequent pressure from analysts to meet market projections and maintain the company share prices overvalued, motivated the directors to start the results embezzlement process, pledging to do this to protect the firm from a potential hostile takeover. However, obviously none of these should be an excuse to neglect their duties towards various stakeholders. Besides this, it is difficult to believe that none of hose involved in the fraud did not earn any personal financial benefit, as stated by Mr.. Raja on his letter. Even that they did not have sold their stocks position, most likely their compensation package was more generous than It should have been, once misrepresented results excelled market expectations through the years. In fact, analyzing the evolution of promoters’ stake in the company over the years indicates that they enriched at the cost of outside shareholders. Regarding the failures In control functions ? Internal Controls, External Audit and the Board of Directors ? we would analyze each level separately. The internal audit and other internal control functions, such as controllers and compliance, were clearly very ineffective but, despite their importance, I will focus the analysis on the other two levels. From the external auditors’ perspective, It Is difficult to understand how PWS did not raise any â€Å"red flag† with such an elementary fraud as cash balances misstatement. Any reasonable company would either invest this large cash in projects or distribute as dividends to the shareholders, instead of retaining it. Specifically this point could be easily validated through a reconciliation against a statement Independently received from the bank. This is a strong evidence, as the case suggests when highlight the increment In audit fees, they were in collusion with company management in executing the fraud. A good practice that could mitigate the risk of this happen is a mandatory external audit rotation, as determined by Serbians-Solely, Implemented In US after Enron scandal. Finally, the board of directors failed under any aspect of their fiduciary duties – loyalty, care and supervision. There are several evidences they were 1 OFF ineffectiveness of the audit committee during the years the fraud took place is one of these evidences. Another one was the prompt approval of the merger proposal without further background check. To prevent these issues, some measures such as to have audit committee composed only with independent directors, and set in place proper channels to report misconduct by anyone in the company could be implemented. Besides, the role of independent directors may be revised on a regulatory level, expanding civil and criminal liability over those. How to cite Governance Failure at Satyam, Papers

Cartoon Interp free essay sample

The person in the cartoon is, Woodrow Wilson (president of America. ) 2. The name of the bubble is, League of Nations. 3. The bubble shows that Woodrow Wilson was an idealistic person, but like most bubble, it will probably burst. 4. The cartoon is critical. This is because he is an idealistic person, and he wants to have peace amongst the nations, but in reality the bubble will burst and this will not be the case. B. 1. The country represented by the horse is Germany. 2. The countries represented by Briand and Lloyd-George are Britain and France. . The part of the Treaty of Versailles the cartoon is commenting on is the settlement. The large load represents the settlement the country had decided for Germany. The horse being lifted up represents Germanys inability to move as there are too many re-payments on there shoulders. 4. The comment the cartoon is making about the aspect of the treaty is that Germany should be carrying less of a burden in order for them to pay back the settlem ent. We will write a custom essay sample on Cartoon Interp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The man with the whip is France. France wanted Germany to pay back for all the French land and lives destroyed. The man with the shovel is British He doesn’t want the Germans to be treated as harsh as the French wanted. C. 1. The ‘Tiger’ is Clemenceay of France. 2. The two other figures in the cartoon are, Woodrow Wilson and Lloyd George. 3. The child has just seen the peace treaty. 4. The child represents Germany. 5. The title of the cartoon was ‘Peace and Future Cannon Fodder. ’ It became one of the most prophetic cartoons because it was given this name and was believed that all the Treaty of Versailles did was set up the future generations of the world to be nothing more than â€Å"Cannon Fodder† (solders treated as expendable in battle. It also tells us that there is peace now but will be war in the future. The person who drew the cartoon does not agree with the terms set on the Treaty of Versailles as he predicts that the present peace will stir up anger in the Germans and eventually lead to war. D. One of the weaknesses between these two cartoons c ould be that they are very similar in opinion that the terms of the Treaty of Versailles are much too harsh on the Germans.